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Object-Oriented Programming

Click a concept to learn more.

Inheritance Hierarchy

GameObject        ← Level 1: shared position and draw logic
  └── Character   ← Level 2: adds movement and gravity
        ├── Player  ← Level 3: handles user keyboard input
        └── Pirate    ← Level 3: handles hostile logic

Used In Code!

class Pirate extends Character {
    constructor(data, gameEnv) {
        super(data, gameEnv);  // passes setup data to parent class
        this.type = "Pirate";
        this.isHostile = true; // boolean flag
    }

    handleCollision(other, direction) { // 2 parameters
        if (other instanceof Player) {       // condition
            if (this.distanceTo(other) < 50) { // nested condition
                this.reaction("hostile");
            }
        }
    }

    update() {
        super.update(); // calls parent update, then adds wolf behavior
        this.checkProximity();
    }
}

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🏴‍☠️ ## Explanation of the Pirate Class

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🔷 1. Class Declaration

class Pirate extends Character {

• Pirate is a new class.
• It extends Character, meaning it inherits all the properties and methods from the Character class.
• This is inheritance, one of the core pillars of OOP.

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🔷 2. Constructor

constructor(data, gameEnv) {
    super(data, gameEnv);  // passes setup data to parent class
    this.type = "Pirate";
    this.isHostile = true; // boolean flag
}

What happens here:

• The constructor runs when a new Pirate is created.
• super(data, gameEnv) calls the parent Character constructor so the Pirate gets:
  • position
  • sprite
  • movement logic
  • collision setup
  • any other shared character features

Then you add Pirate‑specific properties:

• this.type = "Pirate"
  Helps identify the object in the game.

• this.isHostile = true
  Marks this character as an enemy.

This is encapsulation — the Pirate stores its own data and behavior.

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🔷 3. Collision Handling

handleCollision(other, direction) {
    if (other instanceof Player) {       // condition
        if (this.distanceTo(other) < 50) { // nested condition
            this.reaction("hostile");
        }
    }
}

What this does:

1. This method runs whenever the Pirate collides with something.
2. other instanceof Player
   Checks if the Pirate collided with the player.
3. this.distanceTo(other) < 50
   Makes sure the player is close enough to trigger aggression.
4. this.reaction("hostile")
   Tells the Pirate to react aggressively — maybe an animation, sound, or attack.

This is polymorphism — the Pirate overrides the parent’s collision behavior with its own.

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🔷 4. Update Loop

update() {
    super.update(); // calls parent update, then adds pirate behavior
    this.checkProximity();
}

What this does:

• super.update()
  Runs the normal character update logic (movement, animation, physics).
• this.checkProximity()
  Adds Pirate‑specific behavior each frame — likely checking if the player is near.

This is a common OOP pattern:
extend the parent behavior without replacing it.

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🧠 In Summary

Feature	What It Demonstrates
extends Character	Inheritance
super()	Using parent class setup
handleCollision() override	Polymorphism
Pirate‑specific properties	Encapsulation
update() override	Custom behavior layered on top of parent logic

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